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So much is made about the importance of learning styles and teaching methods. Here is a simplified breakdown of four basic learning styles and three basic modalities and my personal experience in using them.

Various authors and researchers have come up with different names for the basic learning styles. In my opinion, this can cause more confusion for the layperson than it solves because terminology lacks standardization. The same basic learning style can have four or five different names, depending on how many different books you read.

The bottom line is there appears to be four basic styles and three basic modalities. The styles themselves read similar to personality traits and the modalities are the ways that information is transported to the brain. While other styles and modalities appear in books and research, they are, more often than not, combinations of the basic styles and modalities listed below.

Often a person will have some, but not necessarily all, of the traits from a learning style. In fact, it is not unusual for a person to display traits from more than one style. It’s also not unusual for a person to process information by more than one modality.

All we, as parents or educators, really need is to realize that learning styles and modalities are tools, tools that we can use to help our children process information more efficiently. Have you ever heard the statement “work smarter, not harder”? This is how we can use an understanding of learning styles.

To make things simple, I’m going to number each style. The number has no significance beyond separating each definition.

Style One: learns by doing, doesn’t necessarily like deep thinking, is spontaneous; often creative; does not like sitting still looking at books; prefers games, competitions, short presentations.

Style Two: likes clear, structured, well organized tasks; wants everything done in order; wants “just the facts not opinions, thank you.” Enjoys textbooks and works well with traditionally styled curriculum; has to work at being creative, but it is not necessarily a chore; not naturally spontaneous, and tends to be cautious.

Style Three: is a problem-solver, self-motivated, analyzes things, often prefers logical subjects like math and science; works well independently; enjoys long-term projects. Seems to work well with organized lectures as part of their curriculum.

Style Four: is very social, maybe even a “social butterfly” type thriving on personal interaction with many different people. Interested in people, ideas and principles of a subject, not necessarily the events themselves. Has to work at organization. They are often vulnerable to conflict and criticism. “Why” is a very important question to them.

Those are the four basic learning styles, and I can tell you from experience with my own children, trying to pigeon-hole or tag a child with only one label or style just doesn’t work. However, finding out which style is most dominant can help us to tailor activities so that the child can make the most of their learning opportunities.

The modalities come into play when we try and figure out how to process the information for the learning style. The three most common are:

Visual -- receives information best through visual stimulation (i.e., pictures, diagrams, reading)

Kinesthetic -- receives information best through touch and hands-on activities (i.e., craft projects, cuisenaire rods, science labs)

Auditory -- receives information best via “sound bytes” (i.e., lectures, songs, books on tape)

Take each of your children and find out which style and which modality is the most dominant. After you have decided which learning style description appears to suit them best, and by which modality they process information best, you can go look for a curriculum or learning opportunities that will suit their individual needs.

But don’t be surprised that what once worked “best” eventually no longer does. Children evolve and change as they grow. It is a good idea to re-evaluate their style ever so often, especially if you begin to see that they are having difficulties or begin to dislike a curriculum, resource, or activity that worked well previously.

On a personal level, I dislike labeling people. I have found that it can cause confusion and often lacks constructive results. However, understanding learning styles and modalities, though at first glance a kind of label, has actually helped me deliver learning opportunities to my children more efficiently with more constructive and long term results. While I may focus our efforts on one style or modality, I try and include activities that would suit other styles and modalities to help my children expand their areas of interest and talents and to help them exercise areas where they need more development to balance out their skills.

If you would like to learn more about learning styles, I recommend that you read some of the following books. [Note: For your convenience, I have included links to a few of these these books in http://www.easyfunschool.com/items.html].

Discover Your Child's Learning Style : Children Learn in Unique Ways--Here's the Key to Every Child's Learning Success -- by Mariaemma Willis, Victoria Kindle-Hodson

Active Learning: 101 Strategies to Teach Any Subject -- by Mel Silberman, Melvin L. Silberman

Boys and Girls Learn Differently!: A Guide for Teachers and Parents by Michael Gurian, et al

Rhythms of Learning : What Waldorf Education Offers Children, Parents & Teachers (Vista Series, V. 4) by Rudolf Steiner, Roberto Trostli

Mapping Inner Space : Learning and Teaching Visual Mapping by Nancy Margulies, et al

How People Learn: Brain, Mind, Experience, and School: Expanded Edition by John Bransford (Editor), et al

Cognitive Styles and Learning Strategies : Understanding Style Differences in Learning and Behaviour by Rayner, et al

Learning Styles : Food for Thought and 130 Practical Tips for Teachers K-4 by Priscilla L. Vail

25 Terrific Literature Activities for Readers of All Learning Styles (Grades 4-8) by Lori Musso

Every Child Can Succeed : Making the Most of Your Child's Learning Style by Cynthia Ulrich Tobias

30 Biography Book Reports : Easy and Engaging Hands-On Literature Response Projects That Help Kids of All Learning Styles Explore the Genre of biographies by Deborah Rovin-Murphy, Mona Mark

Copyright 2002 Kathryn Martinez. All rights reserved. Used with permission.

About Kathryn Martinez: I'm a SAHM, home schooling mother of 4 children, 1 husband, and a neurotic cat. This is our sixth year of home schooling. I worked for over 10 years at USF in an education and training department. I hope that by sharing my experience with other home schoolers, both the new and the not-so-new and those just considering home schooling, I will pass along all the help that was given to me when I first started out.

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